Ryanair Initial Practice Exam

What should be suspected in any case showing symptoms with predisposing factors related to DVT or PE?

1. DVT

2. Pulmonary embolism

3. Deep vein thrombosis

4. Cerebral embolism

The correct answer is: Pulmonary embolism

In cases where individuals present with symptoms and have predisposing factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), the presence of pulmonary embolism should be strongly suspected. This is due to the relationship between these two conditions; if DVT is present, the blood clots that form in the deep veins can break loose and travel to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism. This makes PE a critical concern in patients with risk factors or ongoing symptoms indicative of a potential clot. Vigilance is necessary, as pulmonary embolism can manifest with symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood, which are urgent in nature. Early suspicion and diagnosis can lead to timely treatment and prevent serious complications. Therefore, when evaluating a patient with a history or symptoms suggestive of venous thromboembolism, especially with risk factors, pulmonary embolism takes precedence as a possible and serious diagnosis that requires prompt intervention. In contrast, while deep vein thrombosis and cerebral embolism are relevant in their own contexts, the specific trajectory of risk from DVT to PE positions pulmonary embolism as the critical concern in these scenarios.